Sexual abuse refers to any form of inappropriate sexual behavior or contact that occurs without consent, including touching, harassment, or exploitation.

Sexual assault is a more specific term that refers to any non-consensual sexual act, such as rape or attempted rape, involving physical force, threats, or incapacitation.

Look out for individuals who try to isolate others, especially in private or secluded environments where supervision is minimal. Pay attention to excessive boundary-crossing behaviors, such as inappropriate comments, unnecessary physical contact, or persistent attempts to spend time alone with someone. Be mindful of power dynamics—those in positions of authority, such as coaches or mentors, who may exploit trust or exert undue influence.

Coercion in the context of sexual abuse refers to the use of pressure, manipulation, threats, or deception to make someone engage in unwanted sexual activity.

Unlike physical force, coercion often involves more subtle tactics, such as emotional manipulation, intimidation, or exploiting vulnerabilities. The abuser may use guilt, promises of favors, or threats of harm (either physical or emotional) to overpower the victim’s ability to freely consent.

In some cases, coercion can involve leveraging authority, such as in relationships where one person holds more power, like between a coach and athlete. Regardless of the method, coercion undermines the victim’s autonomy and violates their right to make free, consensual choices regarding their body.